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geothermal heat pumps

In this post we will develop the principle of operation of geothermal heat pumps and discuss their main advantages and disadvantages.

These pumps take advantage of the underground as a heat source in heating mode, or as a heat sink in cooling mode.

funcionmiento

Its principle is the same as that of a conventional heat pump, based on the simple cycle vapor compression or Carnot cycle.

The principle of Carnot can extract heat from a cold to cede it to a hot and vice versa. But like most things in life that is not free to do so we need to make a certain amount of external mechanical energy.

Thus a conventional heat pump uses the following elements:

• Refrigerating or primary : is the key to the system as it is in charge of transporting energy extracted from the cold and takes up the hot. This is possible due to the behavior that these fluids have to change their presión.Utilizando an analogy with the human body's blood system.
• mechanical compressor: is responsible for compressing the refrigerant in a gaseous state at low increasing pressure in the process pressure and temperature. in this process requires the contribution of external mechanical energy. It is the heart of the system.
• heat exchangers: are responsible for conducting heat exchange between the coolant and other fluid, which may well be outside air or water. They are known as evaporator and condenser by processes that occur in them. Heat is extracted from the cold through a process of evaporation of the refrigerant and transferred to the warm for a condensation process itself.

The bombs geothermal heat is often used a secondary fluid, usually water, to make the transfer of heat from the exchanger into the ground, but also can directly exchange heat between the primary fluid (coolant) and the field.

In cooling mode is necessary to cool the secondary fluid exchanger using for it buried underground.

In heating mode is necessary to heat the secondary fluid condition using the same exchanger buried in the ground.

This exchange with the ground is possible thanks to the stability of soil temperatures from the 10-15 m depth. The following graph shows the temperature profiles at different times of year:

As can be seen from the 15 m depth temperatures remain fairly constant throughout the year.

Depending on the configuration of the exchanger buried there are two types of systems:

FEEDBACK SYSTEMS HORIZONTAL

buried pipes are buried around the house to a depth of 1 meter. Require an area of \u200b\u200bapproximately 1.5 times that occupied by housing.

FEEDBACK SYSTEMS VERTICAL

The collection system consists of vertical tubes up to 100 m deep. Requires a much lower surface horizontal systems.

Major benefits of geothermal heat pumps are

• present a energy efficiency ratio 30-40% higher than conventional equipment.
• are considered a renewable energy source that can be subencionadas.
• require less maintenance.
• No risk of Legionella infections.
• Lower consumption of primary energy with the consequent reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases.
• Security.
• Long life.
• Easy maintenance.

Its main drawbacks are :

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• initial investment cost. Mayor
• difficulty in executing the works.
• interference with other facilities.