In the early stages of design and operation of a building can be raised the proper selection of lighting to use in it.
In this post we present the different types of lights on the market and their advantages and disadvantages and the values \u200b\u200bof fundamental parameters for selection.
key parameters when choosing a type of luminaire or another are:
- Electric power consumption (W).
- luminous efficacy: relationship between the luminous flux produced by the lamp (lumens) and the electric power consumed (W).
- Life in hours of use.
Halogen Incandescent: incorporate a halogen gas to prevent evaporation of the filament and deposited into the vial. Have a higher cost than non-halogen, high performance and life than this.
DISCHARGE LAMPS
The lighting is achieved by excitation of a gas subjected to discharges between two electrodes. Require auxiliary equipment (ballasts, starter) for operation. Are more efficient than incandescent lamps. They are classified according to the type of gas used and its pressure:
tubular fluorescent lamps: are mercury vapor lamps at low pressure. Quality of color and low illuminance makes them suitable for use in low height rooms. Are the most used after the incandescent.
compact fluorescent lamps: have the same performance as the tube. They consist of one or more fluorescent tubes bent. They are the alternative of life more effectively and to incandescent lamps.
electrodeless fluorescent lamps: emit light in the presence of a magnetic field with a gas discharge. Have a long life (60000 hours) is only limited by the electronics. are also called induction lamps.
mercury vapor lamps of high pressure lamps more powerful than those of fluorescence, emit more light output but their efficacy is somewhat lower. Commonly used in lighting large areas such as streets, industrial ...
blended light lamps: are a mix of mercury vapor lamps high pressure and filament. No ballast required because the filament acts as a current stabilizer. Not very efficient, being in abeyance.
metal halide lamps: metal halide present filled with mercury to improve their ability to reproduce color and its effectiveness. Its use is widespread in public lighting applications, facades, monuments ...
ceramic metal halide lamps: new family of luminaires that combine the technology of metal halide lamps with high pressure sodium. The discharge tube is made of ceramic material which allows them to operate at higher temperatures du increasing lifespan (about 15000 hours). They are well suited for use in the tertiary sector (retail, office ,...).
sodium vapor lamps at low pressure: discharge originates in a tube of sodium vapor at low pressure producing a nearly monochromatic radiation. Are most effective in the market, but the light color (yellow) makes them suitable for uses such as highways, tunnels ...
Sodium vapor lamps to high pressure: have a better color rendition than low pressure although its effectiveness decreases with respect to them. It is currently growing use as a replacement for mercury vapor lamps. LED TECHNOLOGY
light emitting diodes (LEDs) are based on semiconductors that convert electricity into light without the need of filament. Their life expectancy is high (about 50000 hours) being 80% more efficient than incandescent lamps. Are used in many applications such as windows, light signals, decorative lighting ...
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