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Benefits of LED lights

A LED is a light emitting diode, that is, a semiconductor device that emits light when electric current flows through. Its great advantage over traditional tungsten filament bulbs, and even off the light bulbs, is its energy efficiency.

The LEDs do not have a tungsten filament as the light bulbs. Therefore, they are more resistant to impact and lasts longer because they are independent of the filament ends burning (when the bulbs are fused).

The efficiency of LEDs is much higher. While the energy efficiency of a bulb is 10% (only one tenth of the energy generated by light) LEDs up to 90% advantage.

The equivalent of a light bulb can be built with about a dozen LEDs. If any break is even possible to replace it. They are cheap and easy to manufacture.

LED bulb I take as an industrial product and we manufacture LED-based bulbs, provides marketing and distribution of LED-based bulbs.

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Environmental Impact of LED lights

The reality of climate change makes the use of energy on a global scale is under intense debate. Lighting is one of the most basic uses of energy in humanity. Today, the lighting means 19% of consumption of worldwide electricity. The low efficiency (about 5%) of old technologies and wasteful lighting highlight the need for improvements in this sector.

Solid State Lighting (SSL, for its acronym in English) has emerged as an alternative technology in lighting with a wide variety of applications. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs, for its acronym in English) are SSL technology more available in the market, offers a variety of advantages over other lighting technologies, from the efficiency, robustness and longevity to the ability to generate directly a large number of colors. LEDs are currently available and rapidly replacing other light sources as well are now the preferred technology for decorative lighting and various applications. The power LEDs as a source of general illumination (white light), is currently one of their top prospects for the future. This paper presents the technology of LED lighting, focusing on their applications, life cycle and its ability to improve efficiency in lighting.

Why do we need alternatives?

different technologies are currently used in lighting. The oldest, incandescent lighting was originally invented in late 1800, and except for halogen lights, the lamp design has hardly changed since 1930. The most inefficient electric lighting, incandescent light, has a power conversion efficiency of light energy of only 5%. Despite this, they are the most widely used, mainly in the residential sector. Consume 30% of the electricity used for lighting while producing only 7% effective light. Now recognized the need to put an end to the use of incandescent lamps. The major lamp manufacturers reduced their production (BBC 2007) and the governments of different countries and presented initiatives to remove the lamps from the sale.

fluorescent lamps, the current strategy of interior lighting, 64% of electrically generated lighting accounts for 45% of electricity use for lighting. The efficiency of fluorescent lighting varies depending on the type of lamp, but usually is 5 to 8 times longer than incandescents. All fluorescent lamps contain mercury, although in dwindling numbers. Most fluorescent lamps emit ultraviolet light because of the way they work.

The other main group of lighting technologies, discharge lamps, are used in large spaces including outdoor, big halls and shopping malls. Discharge lamps provide 29% of light delivered, representing 25% of the electricity used in lighting.


Most of these types of lamps, produce only a limited variety of colors (eg sodium lamps produce the yellow color). This limits them to applications where color is not important. Some lamps are very efficient (much more than fluorescent lamps) and provide the amount of light needed for applications such as lighting. Still, you can still improve. The mercury vapor lamps, despite being an old inefficient technology that relies on a toxic metal, are used today. Discharge lamps produce light non-directional, making necessary the use of reflectors to ensure that light is directed to the desired direction. Due to poor design of outdoor lighting fixtures (including reflectors), lots of light is wasted resulting in a real reduction in efficiency, and light pollution.

is clear that, although there are a variety of lighting technologies in use today, none is perfect. Many options still have a low efficiency, mainly in residential lighting and specialty lighting. Many efficient products should resign other factors as the quality of color and toxicity. Clearly there is need for further responses to the increasing demand for artificial light, as is the case with LEDs.

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Bocage. Nature in a small space.

Pas areas of Cantabria, Spain presentan un paisaje humanizado dentro de un entramado en donde la presencia de configuraciones básicas que definían el ambiente original mantienen su personalidad o referencia inicial, e incluso en las transformaciones realizadas conservan o nos remiten al medio que nos rodea. Es el paisaje característico del “bocage” o el paisaje de cercas de la Europa Atlántica incorporando ese hábitat disperso que, en cuanto a su localización, organización, tipologías y funciones, corresponde a las exigencias del espacio en que se inserta.

Pero es, quizás, la cerca quien dota de mayor singularidad a este tipo de paisaje. Indeed, the fence takes many forms marking the boundaries between the different elas parc, i ven within membership to the same owner, condensing what some have called "nature in a small space," and play a crucial ecological role in the balance between the existence of many small mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians in relation to common pests of agricultural crops.

fences also act as windbreaks prevent excessive dryness, leaving a minimum of moisture, and protecting even the edges of farms close to the roads the effects of traffic.

However, what makes the "landscape fence" one of the most unique landscapes in the world is its ethnographic and cultural significance to express the ways of dividing the property or the various uses of the parcels through the use of fences stone hedges of different nature or mixed formulas. Fences and all associated elements, hatches, closures, Morenal, corners ..., along with the variety and attractive combination of material elements, the boulders in miraculous balance calculated with just the right height for the purposes intended without creating screen effect hedges, or artificially planted thorn ... rather the result of having observed some specimens tree or shrub fences are incorporating them into ethnographic values \u200b\u200bwhere they have been depositing the material selection criteria, with the most refined technique, to reconcile the strict functionality and cost savings with a plastic qualities, despite the barbed wire staked and the progressive destruction of the environment, still persist, as our responsibility to preserve it.

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GeoarquiSaludos to Latin America from Spain.

Greetings from Spain to Latin America, especially Chole, Chepina and Poncho, Mexico. Thanks for your ideas, go Moves to blog.

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Features LED lights

· Long life, approximately 50,000 hours (which means reduced maintenance costs).

· High luminous efficiency, which saves on electricity costs (80-100 lumen per watt).

° say cold light (LEDs do not emit IR and UV radiation). This saves on air conditioning costs.

• The on / off is immediate. The small size of LEDs allow a dedicated design and modern lamps.

· high heat tolerance.

* Currently available technology that consumes 92% less than incandescent bulbs, common household and 30% less than most fluorescent lighting systems.

• The use of LEDs in the lighting field (including road signs) is moderate and is expected to increase in the future, as their benefits are greater than the incandescent lamp and fluorescent lamp from different points of view.

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Geoarquitecto. Francisco Javier de Luque.

Recover memory of architects, geologists or mining engineers work always seemed to me very rewarding and enriching. Begin with a good architect, with great craft, perhaps overshadowed by other figures of the time, or historical events he lived, or perhaps a little of everything. Her figure, currently ignored, does not occupy the place it deserves in view of their work.

Francisco Javier de Luque (Sevilla, 1871-Madrid, 1941) architect whose work was little known and virtually ignored by historians, obtained the master's degrees in Physics and Mathematics in Seville (1893) and an architect in Madrid (1899). Although he started his professional career as a professor of Industrial Engineering School of Bilbao, the fact of being a member of the winning team nacionald Competition for construction projects of the New Cathedral of Vitoria, was to devote himself entirely to architecture. He moved to Victoria and began construction of the New Cathedral with his partner and friend Julian Apraiz (1876-1962). In that city lived from 1909 to 1914, bringing the works of the cathedral and constructing buildings both to the bishop as to the bourgeoisie Alava.

built public buildings like the Ministry of the Navy, the third flag-School Institute Isabella Institute today, "the Cajal Institute, School of Public Works today, and the Geological and Mining Institute of Spain. Clarified his biography and framed him in the time he lived, a period of great change both from the standpoint of social history and the history of English architecture, it is difficult to frame it in a particular style.

Some specialists integrate the work of Luque between traditional architectures with survival conservative. We believe his career led him to use different styles in the most radical eclectic current to suit the tastes of their customers and, above all, the imperatives of self-administration for which he worked all his life and that given time, replaced by architects and attached to the Modern Movement, which he did not understand.

Geological Survey.

The most important innovation introduced in the design of Luque was the design of a large rectangular room collections, which occupies the full height the building, which was installed by the museum. Luque designed the building into three clearly defined and differentiated. The front appears well structured, providing more relevant and packaging at the entrance and staircase as a piece that is separate from the rest that was intended for offices and offices. Also adjust the position of the front yards. The area of \u200b\u200bthe museum collections, appears clearly separated by two courtyards twins give way to the big room collections and development in the middle, separating Bordiú Christopher Street with a large patio across the width of the building.

the building.

The detailed study of the various component parts of the building or indicates that Luque was a good architect, with craft and knowledge of the needs of a public building and representative. However, the changes introduced during the long period lasting works, produced a loss of overall design and the end result is a hybrid character building, at first glance, it may cause misunderstandings. Facades


The main facade is the building that was built later. During the period lasting works great changes artistic, social and, above all, political. These changes are detected in this facade. Presents many differences from the original design, which respected the basic composition axis. The facade of the project was an image that is reminiscent of the School of Mines; image Luque chosen as a tribute to his friend and teammate Ricardo Velázquez Bosco.

The main staircase is one of the most unique pieces together for his Monum ental and rare beauty. Communications articulates the front of the building and is noted for spatial processing. Is a staircase that starts with a single central section with landing, to then be divided into two sections at the top.

The impression is that we are in a large opaque white box, completely clad in white marble Macael giving access to the main floor gallery.

Bibliography

Earth and technology magazine.
Anonymous, (1922). Geological Congress in Brussels and the future Congress of Madrid. Magazine Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2848, 523.
Carcedo Ayala, FJ (1995). The meaning scientific and technological Manuel Fernández de Castro (1825-1895) one hundred years later. Geological Survey Bulletin, 106 (3), 293-299.
Madariaga, JM and Sánchez Lozano, R. (1918). Progress of a project to construct a building for the Geological Institute of Spain. IGME Historical Archive, Box 1/2/3.
Moya, M. (1941). The visit of His Excellency the Generalissimo the Geological and Mining Institute of Spain. Official Journal of Mining, Metallurgy and Fuels, 1, 28-31.
Pastor Rey de Viñas, P. (2005). Stained Glass Workshop Maumejean Collections at the Real Fábrica de Cristales de La Granja. National Centre Foundation Glass, Diputación de Segovia, 48 pp.
Quinzaños Rivas, P. and Rene Sagristá, T. (2006). Geological and Mining Institute of Spain. Story of a building. Geological Survey of Spain,
Madrid, 207 pp.
Roso de Luna, I. (1926). The XIV International Geological Congress in Madrid Geological Survey. Sphere, 648, 36-37.
Sánchez Lozano, R. (1917). Acquisition of land for the construction of a building for the Geological Survey. Official Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, 7, 14.